Art & Culture

The art of the tea ceremony is popular worldwide as a Japanese cultural art with principles that resonate with the ideals of harmony, respect, and tranquility. Tea ceremony is deeply intertwined with the development of many traditional industries in Kyoto, including lacquerware, ceramics, bamboo crafts, and other tea utensils, as well as Kyoto cuisine and confectioneries.

The art of flower arrangement is said to have derived from the act of offering flowers at Buddhist altars. Established during the Muromachi period (1336–1573) by a Buddhist priest of Rokkaku-do Temple in Kyoto, it gradually became more widespread among the general public in the mid-Edo period (1603–1867).

Shoin-style architecture, which originated as the architectural style used for libraries or studies in Buddhist priests' residences, became the foundation for modern Japanese architecture. Sukiya-style architecture, a variation of the shoin style, is said to have been established in the Muromachi period. Sukiya-style buildings are known for their natural atmosphere and combine shoin-style design with round pillars and other elements of Japanese teahouses. Katsura Rikyu Imperial Villa is a quintessential example of sukiya-style architecture. From the Edo period (1603–1867) onward, sukiya-style architecture was widely adopted for residences and traditional Japanese restaurants.

In spring, there are many vibrant events held in Kyoto. Hinamatsuri (also known as the Girl's Festival) observed on March 3 is known for its decorative doll displays. It is also a time for performing a traditional ritual called "Nagashibina," in which papers shaped like human figures take away a person's bad luck in their stead. In April, many geiko and maiko come together to perform "Haru no Odori" (Spring Dances), which is one of the best opportunities to see a wide range of their repertoire. There are items like decorative samurai helmets on display on May 5 for Children's Day (also called the Boy's Festival), as well as festive carp banners.

Summer is not only a time for festivals, but also a time when escaping the heat is necessary. June is the middle point of the year, so “Nagoshi no Harae” (Summer Purification Rites) are held to drive away bad luck accumulated in the first half of the year. On July 7, people make wishes on colorful strips of paper for “Tanabata” (the Star Festival), and many spots are decorated for the occasion. In May through September, many diners stay cool by eating at outdoor platforms along the rivers. Beside the Kamo River in the city center, these platforms are called “noryo yuka,” and in Kibune and Takao, they are called “kawadoko.”

Autumn has many natural wonders to appreciate, and in Kyoto, they are marked in style. The Harvest Moon typically appears in September, so there are many “Otsukimi” (moon viewing) customs practiced in that month. “Aki no Odori” (Autumn Dances) begin in October, when many geiko and maiko come together to perform on stage. As the leaves begin to change in November, several gardens and temples throughout the city hold special nighttime illumination events.

Winter is a transitional time, characterized by its rituals to start the new year. On December 31, many people gather in temples to listen to “Joya no Kane” (Bells for the New Year) at around midnight on January 1, when large bells are rung 108 times to welcome the new year. Others go out in the first few days of January for their “Hatsumode” (First Visit of the Year) to wish for good luck at a temple or shrine. Setsubun, held on February 3, marks the end of the new year festivities. On this day, people throw beans at people dressed as demons, for there is still bad luck to get rid of in order to welcome good luck.