You can search for medical institutions by selecting the area, language and medical specialty on the Japan National Tourism Organization (JNTO) website.

Also, it provides other useful information concerning medical care in Japan.
Guide for when you are feeling ill (JNTO) (multi-language)

Hospitals with English-Speaking Doctors

You can find information on hospitals with English-speaking doctors or volunteer interpreters by visiting the Kyoto City International Foundation website:
Easy Living in Kyoto (multi-language)

119 is the direct-dial free phone number for non-criminal emergencies

In the event of a medical emergency, call the fire department at the emergency number "119". In Japan, calls for emergency medical services are patched through from the 119-dispatch center in the fire department. Kyoto City offers a simultaneous telephone interpretation service in five languages (English, Chinese, Korean, Spanish and Portuguese) to assist foreign visitors who call 119 in the case of an emergency.

How to use the 119-emergency number

1. Dial 119 on any phone.
*The call is free of charge from public and mobile phones.
2. Clearly describe what has happened.
3. Tell the location and, if possible, the address of the place where the emergency has occurred or is occurring.

Medical Services

In the event that you become ill while traveling in Kyoto, medical supplies may be purchased at one of the many local pharmacies. There are many hospitals in Kyoto, ranging from small clinics to large institutions. Credit cards are rarely accepted at Japanese hospitals and pharmacies. If you are insured for medical care, obtain a list of acceptable overseas hospitals from your insurer. In many cases, your hospital bills will be covered by the insurance.